A trial of conservative care for restoring scapular dyskinesis: A clinical series
Main Article Content
Abstract
The shoulder is the greatest movable joint in the human body. Its anatomical design allows a wide range of motion in all directions, leading to an insubstantial balance between stability and mobility. Conservative treatments are suggested by a number of authors for restoring the scapular dyskinesis. However, this condition can be overlapped by other clinical findings. Therefore, comprehensively analysing individual biomechanical rationale is central to design the ideal rehabilitation regimen to overcome scapular dyskinesis by restoring the scapular thoracic rhythm and preventing the associated problems. This study presents a brief clinical series of three patients with shoulder pain due to the alteration of their scapulahumeral rhythm and highlights a comprehensive examination and follow up an evidence-based rehabilitation algorithm to regain pain free functional ability in daily routine life.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2020 2020 Thiruvarangan S, et al.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Feleusa MA, Bierma-Zeinstraa HS, Miedemab MD, Bernsena AN, Verhaard BW, et al. Department of General Practice Manual Therapy. 2008; 13: 426–433.
Greving K. Incidence, prevalence, and consultation rates of shoulder complaints in general practice. Scand J Rheumatol.. 2012; 41: 150-155. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21936616
Sciascia, AD. Clinical implications of scapular dyskinesis in shoulder injury: the consensus statement from the “Scapular Summit”. Br J Sports Med. 2013; 47: 877–885. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580420
Seitz AL, Mc Clure PW, Lynch SS, Ketchum JM, et al. Effects of scapular dyskinesis and scapular assistance test on subacromial space during static arm elevation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012; 21: 631-640. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21444218
Smith R, Nyquist-Battie C, Clark M, Rains J. Anatomical Characteristics of the Upper Serratus Anterior: Cadaver Dissection. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003; 33: 449-453. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12968858
Edward R, Laskowski ER, Newcomer-Aney K, Smith J. Refining Rehabilitation with Proprioception Training: Expediting Return to Play. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 1997; 25. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2008686
Tyler TF, Nicholas SJ, Roy T, Gleim GW. Quantification of posterior capsule tightness and motion loss in patients with shoulder impingement. Am J Sports Med. 2000; 28: 668-673. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11032222
Kibler W. Sciascia, A. Current concepts: scapular dyskinesis. Br J Sports Med. 2010; 44: 300–305. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19996329
Burkhart SS, Morgan CD, Kibler WB. The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology. Part III: The SICK scapula, scapular dyskinesis, the kinetic chain, and rehabilitation. Arthroscopy. 2003; 19: 641-661. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12861203
Kent BE. Functional anatomy of the shoulder complex, a review. Phys Ther. 1971; 51: 867-887. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4997967
Warwick R. Williams P. Gray’s Anatomy, 35th British Ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co. 1973; 399-407.
Sarrafian SK. Gross and functional anatomy of the shoulder. Clin Orthop. 1983; 19: 173: 11-19. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6825322
Kapanji IA. Upper Limb. New York. Churchill Livingstone, The Physiology of the Joints. 1970; 24-76.
Evans PJ, Maniac A. Rotator cuff tendinopathy many causes, many solutions. J Musculo Med. 1997; 14: 47-61.
Soslowsky LJ, Carpenter JE, Bucchieri JS, Flatow EL. Biomechanics of the rotator cuff. Orthop Clin of North Am. 1997; 28: 17-30. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9024428
Miniaci A, Salonen D. Rotator cuff evaluation: Imaging and diagnosis. Orthop Clin of North Am. 1997; 28: 43-58. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9024430
Postacchini R, Carbone S. Scapular dyskinesis: Diagnosis and treatment. OA Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2013; 18: 20.
Kibler WB, McMullen J. Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder pain. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013; 11: 142-151. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12670140
Kibler WB. The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function. Am J Sports Med. 1998; 26: 325-337. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9548131
Rubin BD, Kibler WB. Fundamental principles of shoulder rehabilitation: conservative to postoperative management. Arthroscopy. 2002; 18: 29-39. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12426529
Russ P, Michael LV. The role of the scapula. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013; 8: 617–629. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3811730/
Cools AM, Dewitte V, Lanszweert F, Notebaert D, Roets A, Soetens B. Rehabilitation of scapular muscle balance: which exercises to prescribe? Am J Sports Med. 2007; 35: 1744-1751. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17606671
Cricchio M, Frazer C. Scapulothoracic and scapulohumeral exercises: a narrative review of electromyographic studies. J Hand Ther. 2011; 24: 322-333. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21820276
Mottram SL, Woledge RC, Morrissey D. Motion analysis study of a scapular orientation exercise and subjects’ ability to learn the exercise. Man Ther. 2009; 14: 13-18. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17910930
McClure PW, Michener LA, Sennett BJ, Karduna AR. Direct 3-dimensional measurement of scapular kinematics during dynamic movements in vivo. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008; 10: 269–277. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408911